ASSIGNMENT NO -1

POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES

"Poverty is the worst form of violence."

-By Mahatma Ghandi

Meaning of Poverty:-

“The people who are deprive not only of safe water and adequate food, clothing and shelter, but also education, healthcare and of their security and well-being”.

Poverty puts people's lives in danger and robs them of their future. People live in poverty when they are denied an income sufficient for their material needs and when these circumstances exclude them from taking part in activities which are an accepted part of daily life in that society.

As of 2010, more than 37% of India’s population of 1.35 billion still lives below the poverty line. More than 22% of the entire rural population and 15% of the urban population of India exists in this difficult physical and financial predicament.

Child poverty refers to the phenomenon of children living in poverty. This applies to children that come from poor families or orphans being raised with limited, or in some cases absent, state resources. Children that fail to meet the minimum acceptable standard of life for the nation where that child lives are said to be poor. In developing countries these standards are lower and when combined with the increased number of orphans the effects are more extreme.

CAUSES OF POVERTY

· Lack of education-lack of education affect the people and deprived from getting jobs as they are not well educated and qualified. In poverty prone are schools are not there and people are also not going to school.

· Less parental income-Parents are earning less income that they are not able to fulfill the needs of their family so all members have to work even the Childs also and result poverty and not getting education as they have no time to go schools and not money.

· Discrimination- Discrimination is also faced by the poor people by rich class people they even not want to talk with them.

· Child labour- the children’s of poor families are working in factories and restaurants sides and getting exploited they did not get chance to study and rise standard of their families.

· Unemployment- the unemployment also led to poverty the people are not getting work to do and earn money and fulfills there needs.

· Teen pregnancy- It is the main cause of child labor.

· De industarlisation- there is no proper industrialization in the poverty prone areas so they get work there and get work.

· Improper implementation of government policies-The policies that are made by the government to reduce poverty are not properly implemented by government in real practical life and result no improvement in poverty.

· Over dependences on agriculture- The poor people are dependent on agriculture for their survival on small part of land and not able to fulfill even their needs.

SRATEGIES TO REDUCE POVERTY

PROVIDING EDUCATION- A strong political commitment on the part of the government is needed if the educational status of poor children is to improve. Increased spending on education inputs (teachers, classrooms, textbooks, and instructional material) alone will not be enough to improve enrollment and educational attainment of the poor. Improvements in the quality of schooling are also important to reduce the poverty level.

HEALTH- Effective health programs must complement education in raising the potential productivity of labor. Public expenditure on health as currently constituted is likely to have only a limited redistributive impact. This report identifies four priority areas of public spending that will have the greatest impact in improving the health of the poor

REFORMING ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS -The marginal incidence analysis suggests that expanding access of the poor to the public works programs (preferably through reallocation of spending away from less effective poverty programs), would benefit them most. In addition, early results from the implementation of the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) in UP and Bihar indicate that the poor seem to be benefiting more than the non-poor from the retargeted subsidies on food grains.

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE- Given that the government is pursuing many strategies to reduce poverty, this report focused on the use of public expenditure to help the poor gain better access to public goods and services. In general, public subsidies will benefit the poor most when the items subsidized are used disproportionately by the poor relative to the non-poor. Benefit incidence analysis was used to examine the extent to which the poor have benefited from public spending on education, certain health services, and some of the most important safety net programs (food, public works and credit scheme programs). Findings indicate that public spending for education and health are not effectively reaching the poor.

SAFETY NETS - Traditional anti-poverty programs are funneling many of their benefits to the non-poor. According to data from the 1993-94 National Sample Survey (NSS), 76 percent of the wealthiest rural households, for instance, are likely to take advantage of the subsidized prices for food under the Public Distribution System while, at the opposite end of the scale, fewer than 70 percent of the poorest households benefit from food subsidies. The poor do participate in rural public works and to a lesser extent in credit programs (IRDP), but all three schemes (PDS, IRDP, and public works) remain loosely targeted.

MORE INDUSTRILIZATION –The government or private individuals should set up their industries in the area where poor people are living so they get opportunities to do work and improve their condition of living.

INCREASE IN CSR –CSR means corporate social responsibilities should be increase by corporate so result more benefits to peoples .They built hospitals schools, roads etc and help in developing societies .

PROPER IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENTS RULES AND POLICIES-The policies that are made by government to reduce poverty should be strictly implemented and followed. Government sad that there should not be child labor below age of 14 but still many are working.

INCREASE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES­- Government should help poor people to start up their own business and provide work to others by setting small scale industries so it raise their standard of living.

CHECK ON POPULATION- There should be proper check on population as population leads to poverty the poor people should awarded about this .They should have one- two children’s only so they can fulfill their needs. They should do family planning.

CONCLUSION

Poverty is one of the major cause of low economic growth of our country as number of people living poverty line .To improve the condition we have to take number of steps and follow the methods of poverty reduction strategies as provide work to poor people who are sitting ideal ,building infrastructure ,providing education and most important awareness among peoples .

SUBMITTED TO- Mr. GURDEEPAK SINGH

SUDMITTED BY- NAVREET KAUR

MBA1st sem. (B)