(7) Causes Of Poverty.

INTRODUCTION:

Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation

Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s life.

Over 1.3 million people in developing countries live on $1.25 a day or less. Between 1990 and 2008, efforts to reduce this number were highly successful and the amount of people living in poverty decreased by nearly half, from 48 to 26 percent. But according to the latest united nation report food prices are back on the rise, causing an increase in global poverty for the first time in nearly two decades.

DISCUSSION:

Poverty in India: Current Situation
Poverty is one of the main issues, attracting the attention of sociologists and economists. It indicates a condition in which a person fails to maintain a living standard adequate for a comfortable lifestyle.

Though India boasts of a high economic growth, it is shameful that there is still large scale poverty in India. Poverty in India can be defined as a situation when a certain section of people are unable to fulfill their basic needs. India has the world's largest number of poor people living in a single country. Out of its total population of more than 1 billion, 350 to 400 million people are living below the poverty line. Nearly 75% of the poor people are in rural areas, most of them are daily wagers, landless laborers and self employed house holders. There are a number of reasons for poverty in India. Poverty in India can be classified into two categories namely rural poverty and urban poverty.

Causes for Rural Poverty

Some of the basic reasons of rural poverty in India are:

• Unequal distribution of income.
• High population growth.
• Illiteracy.
• Large families.
• Caste system.

Problems Of Rural Poverty

• Presence of malnutrition, illiteracy, diseases and long term health problems.
• Unhygienic living conditions, lack of proper housing, high infant mortality rate, injustice to women and social ill-treatment of certain sections of society.

Steps Taken by Government to Reduce Rural Poverty
The government of India has been trying its best to remove poverty. Some of the measures which the government has taken to remove rural poverty are:

• Small farmer’s development Programme.
• Drought area development Programme.
• Minimum needs Programme.
• National rural employment Programme.
• Assurance on employment.
• Causes for Urban Poverty.

Causes for Urban Poverty

The causes of urban poverty in India are:

• Improper training
• Slow job growth.
• Failure of PDS system

Problems Of Urban Poverty

• Restricted access to employment opportunities and income.
• Lack of proper housing facilities
• Unhygienic environments
• No social security schemes
• Lack of opportunity to quality health and educational services.

The steps taken by government to remove urban poverty are:

• Nehru Rozgar Yojna.
• Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna.
• Urban Basic services for the poor Programme.
• National social Assistance Programme.

But these processes can be helpful only if the policies go to those people for whom it is meant. The clash between the central government and the state government often results in the lack of implementation of these policies. So it is very important that the governments do not play power politics when it comes to a serious issue such as poverty.

Year	All India %	Rural %	Urban%
1973	54.9	56.4	49.0
1978	51.3	53.1	45.2
1983	44.5	45.7	40.8
1988	38.9	39.1	38.2
1994	36.0	37.3	32.4
1999	26.1	27.1	23.6

Some More Causes of Poverty in India

• High level of dependence on primitive methods of agriculture
• High population growth rate
• High Illiteracy (about 35% of adult population)
• Regional inequalities
• Protectionist policies pursued till 1991 that prevented high foreign investment

Source: www.google.com

Conclusion:

I concluse that main causes of povert is high growth in papulason from this unemployement is high and the rich pursen become rich &poor person becom poor. The government make that type of rule which gave every person equal because before the government interfare it not be low.

Submitted to: gurdeepak singh

Submitted by: chahat goyal (MBA B)